Jasiewicz and Stepinkski (2013) provided a novel method for classification and mapping of landform elements from a digital elevation model (DEM) based on the principle of pattern recognition rather than differential geometry. At the core of the method is the concept of a geomorphon (geomorphologic phonotypes) — a simple ternary pattern that serves as an archetype of a particular terrain morphology. From a total of 498 possible combinations a set of ten distinct patterns is formed (see figure 1).
Summary I’ve built a number of Shiny apps in the past already. Even though they had a lot of common features, I found it difficult to migrate functionality from one to the next project. Often times, different data structure and variable names made it necessary it to re-write a large portion of the code. Fortunately, there are a number of tools available within the R framework (packages and concepts) which allow for a high level of reusability.
Homogeneous data series since 1864 are provided by MeteoSwiss through the opendata.swiss platform. The series consist of monthly means of temperature and precipitation for a total of 14 weather stations in Switzerland. To allow for a comparison of different months and stations a standard score is applied to these series. For a reference period (e. g. the climatological normal period 1980 - 2010) mean and standard deviation are determined per month of the year and station.
ERA-20C reanalysis data was used to reconstruct the weather situation during a historical flash flood event in the Jona river basement (Canton of Zürich, Switzerland) back in 1939 (see report). Vertical temperature and moisture profiles are crucial in the search for relevant convective storm processes. Thus, for a periode between 1980 and 2010 radiosonde observations from Payerne, Switzerland were compared with reanalysis data. ERA-20C tends to overestimate relative humdity in the lower and upper troposphere.
Am 25. August 1939 kam es im Einzugsgebiet der Jona zu einer Hochwasserkatastrophe. Durch Überflutung, Hangrutschungen und Übermurung entstanden grosse Schäden an Gebäuden, Infrastruktur und landwirtschaftlichen Flächen. Hier finden sich einige Bilder von Leo Wehrli. Quelle: ETH-Bibliothek Zürich, Bildarchiv / Fotograf: Wehrli, Leo / CC BY-SA 4.0
A selection of time-lapse videos featuring thunderstorms and cloud dynamics.
